Download the work report of the Power Basics Lab in the form of an editable Word file

Download the work report of the Power Basics Lab in the form of an editable Word file

Dear researchers of the Saharamaz file website, today we have put a ready work report for you about the electrical fundamentals laboratory for download. We hope you will be satisfied with it. To see more details, please read the text below.

The details of the work report of the Electricity Basics Laboratory are as follows

Single bridge key test
Double bridge switch test
Conversion key test
Photocell test
Moonlight Experiment
Dimmer test
Timer test

First test: DC motor with independent excitation
Load test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1. Obtaining Messi's losses
2. Obtaining the input and output power of the motor
3. Obtaining engine efficiency
Experiment theory:
To make a direct current motor with independent excitation, we need to make two circuits and for this we need a resistance Rf and a direct current motor with resistance Ra and two power sources and a number of connecting wires and in order to be able to determine the value of If, Ia, To get Vf, Va, we need two ammeters and one voltmeter.
Now we can close the armature circuit first or the excitation circuit, we start from the armature circuit.

The second test: direct current motor with shunt excitation
Pregnancy test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1. Obtain the characteristic distance curve in relation to the load (K)
2. Obtain engine speed adjustment percentage
Experiment theory:
The construction and use of direct current motors with independent excitation was expensive because these motors need two power supplies, so the manufacturer thought of building a motor that has both better performance and lower cost. The manufacturer realized with a little thought that if the power supply of the motor circuit is used to power the excitation circuit, his problem will be solved and instead of using two power supplies, he can achieve his goal with one source and incur a lower cost. Be.

The third test: direct current motor with series excitation
Pregnancy test:
Purpose of the experiment:
Obtaining the characteristic distance curve relative to the load (K)
Obtain engine speed adjustment percentage
Experiment theory:
In the previous test, we checked the direct current motor with shunt excitation. And we got acquainted with its characteristics, now we will examine the direct current motor with series excitation, the characteristics of this motor are completely different from the shunt excitation motor, for example, in this motor, the resistance Rf should be low, so as a result, according to the relationship L/A Rf ∝ It should have a small winding and a large cross-sectional area, and since the resulting torque in the motor is proportional to the product of the armature current Ia and the winding current If (If *Ia ∝ T), as a result, the armature and the winding are placed together in series, If = Ia So Ia2 ∝ T .
As mentioned above, in direct current motor with series excitation, the length of the wire should be small and its cross-sectional area should be large, so we cannot increase the number of turns of the wire and increase N. According to the relationship of If *N = Q, to create the required Q for excitation, both the number of turns and the current must be sufficient. Because we are not able to increase N, then we have to compensate for its deficiency by the current and we have to increase the current to create the required Q for excitation. So the magnetic field is produced by the current passing through the armature coil.

Fourth experiment: direct current motor with compound excitation
Pregnancy test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1. Obtain the characteristic distance curve in relation to the load (K)
2. Obtain engine speed adjustment percentage
Experiment theory: In series motors, due to the reduction of load, the motor speed will increase and cause the motor speed to go out of the nominal range, so to eliminate this defect, by adding shunt excitation and closing it properly, we will strengthen the series field. Engine mode is called extra compound. The series field coil can be closed so as to produce a magnetic force opposite to the magnetic force of the shunt coil. In this case, the motor is called a defective or differential compound. This type of engine has little use due to its tendency to instability.

Test description: In the previous experiment, we examined the direct current motor with series excitation and found that this motor has a series of problems (it should be used in full loud). In this experiment, we become familiar with direct current motors with compound excitation. Both more powerful and do not have direct current motor problems with series excitation.

Experiment 5: Direct current generator with independent excitation
Load test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1-Obtaining the generator voltage curve in relation to the changes in distance (S) f = V
2. Obtain residual voltage
- Test theory: A DC machine can be used both as a motor and as a generator.
Since the magnetic field generated by the passage of current through the coil is obtained, this current is called excitation current and is supplied in two ways:
1- Through an independent DC voltage source, in which case the generator is called independent excitation.
2- Through the generated power of the generator output, which in this case is called the generator with self-excitation.
In this experiment, we investigate a generator whose required magnetic field is supplied by the first state, that is, through an independent DC voltage source, that is, a direct current generator with independent excitation.
The excitation current will cause a magnetic flux to be produced in the generator, if the armature is rotated by an external driver (for example, a motor), the armature cuts off the magnetic flux and as a result a voltage is induced in its coils, and this induced voltage It only depends on the rotation speed of the armature and the strength of the magnetic field.

Experiment 6: Direct current generator with shunt excitation
Pregnancy test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1- Obtaining the characteristic curve of voltage in relation to load current (IL) f = V
2. Obtaining the percentage of shunt generator voltage regulation
Experimental theory: DC generators with independent excitation are not cost-effective and costly for us due to the need for a separate power supply. By removing this power supply and connecting the coil as a shunt to the generator, we can use the generator output voltage to create a flux () in the shunt coil. And this is why these types of generators are preferred to independent excitation generators.
It should be noted that the generator by self-excitation to generate voltage requires the presence of magnetic waste that this magnetic waste is present in the body and metal parts of the car, this magnetic waste is so important that if this waste does not exist, the generator can It will not produce voltage. When the generating armature starts to rotate, the induced field due to the magnetic residue is cut off, causing a low current to flow in the excitation coil, producing a stronger flux () in the excitation coil.

Experiment 7: Familiarity with three-phase AC / AC star / triangle connections
Pregnancy test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1. Familiarity with the connections and relationships of three-phase alternating current star / triangle systems
2. Comparing current and voltage of phase and line and calculating the apparent power in star / triangle mode
Test theory: phase means coil, three coils are called three phases, systems that have more than one voltage are called multi-phase systems, and the most common of them is the three-phase system, where the voltage values ​​of each phase are similar to each other. 120 electrical degrees have a phase difference.
In the previous sessions, we learned how to produce voltage by generators. Now, how should we deliver this output voltage to the consumer?
Alternating current generators that are located in dams or alternating current generators that produce electric current by consuming fossil fuels, all of them must produce a very, huge current in order to deliver this current to the consumer, because the generators are very far from Consumers are located.
This huge current must be transmitted by thick wires, which cause a lot of losses and consequently a lot of heat.

Experiment 8: Investigation of direct current constant power supply
Pregnancy test:
Purpose of the experiment:
1- Obtaining the characteristic curve of voltage in relation to load current (IL) f = V
2. Obtaining the percentage of constant power supply voltage regulation
Experimental theory: Due to the fact that power supplies have internal resistance, so by connecting the load to them and pulling the voltage drop current due to its internal resistance reduces the applied voltage to the load, which limits the use of sources due to the load. Creates .
Description of experiment :
Power sources are divided into two categories: fixed sources such as batteries and cells and rotary sources such as AC and DC generators.
In this test, we will examine the constant direct current power source:
We know that the material of the battery is an internal resistance, and the better the material of the battery, the less this internal resistance will be, and the worse the material of the battery, the more this internal resistance will be.
In order to make an ideal battery (a battery whose internal resistance is very low and even close to zero), we have to bear a very high cost because in the battery we have to use special alloys such as gold, etc., which are very expensive for us. and it is not reasonable for us to use these alloys, so in order to reduce the costs, we should use other alloys that require a lower cost, the use of these alloys will increase the internal resistance and reduce the quality of the battery.
We know that the more charge we add to the battery, the more current is drawn from the battery.
Increase current = increase load
The more we increase the load on the battery, the voltage at both ends of the battery will drop more, the reason for that is the presence of internal resistance and the loads drawing a lot of current from the battery. To fix these problems, we are not able to make changes in this source (battery) because we incur a lot of cost, so our consumers must be made in such a way that the voltage drop does not cause problems for them, that is why the consumers We work in several voltages.
In the laboratory, to simulate and study the behavior of a direct current DC power supply at different loads, we do the following:
Remove the number one wire and connect the positive end of the power supply to one of the ammeter connectors, and with the other number two connector, connect the ammeter to a variable resistor.

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