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Today, for you, dear users of Yekta website, we have put a file of a work report ready for sugar technology course ready for download, the details of which are as follows.

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Today, for you, dear users of Yekta website, we have put a ready-made work report file for the sugar technology course ready for download, the details of which are as follows

عنوان آزمایش: اسیدیته قلیاییت اهک

The pH of raw syrup extracted from healthy and fresh beets is between 6.4-6.3. The raw syrup made from rotten beets will have a pH of less than 6. Lime is used to purify the raw syrup in the sugar factory. That is, first lime is added to the syrup to flocculate the impurity of the syrup. In the next step, CO2 gas is injected into the limed syrup to form a CaCO3 deposit. And during rapid precipitation, impurities will also precipitate along with it. By adding lime juice to the raw syrup, the lime salts in the syrup increase, some of which are used to neutralize the alkaline acids in the beetroot syrup, and some remain in excess, which causes alkalinity.

عنوان آزمایش: پلاریمتر ( تعیین مقدار انحراف شربت رقیق)
This method is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of objects that have optical activity. White light vibrates in all directions, and if it passes through Polaroid objects like some natural crystals, it splits into two rays. Because the speed of each of the two rays inside the crystal is different. If you cut the crystal along one of the poles at an appropriate angle. And if we stick it again with a gum called Canada balsam, the component called normal rays will be reflected and emitted. If the part called abnormal radiation (polarized) is emitted without breaking, the vibration of this light is on the same level and perpendicular to the direction of its propagation. There are objects with optical activity that have rare carbon in their molecular structure (i.e. a carbon atom that is four different groups are connected). This carbon atom causes the molecule to become asymmetric and the molecule cannot conform to its mirror image. If these objects are placed in the path of polarized light, they cause the rotation of polarized light. If the object rotates the polarized light clockwise, it is called dextrorotatory, and if it rotates counterclockwise, it is called levorotatory. they say. The amount of rotation (?) is proportional to the concentration of the object (C). Or it can be said that when polarized light passes through asymmetric compounds, due to the asymmetric distribution of electron density in the molecule, the electrons of the molecule affect the polarized light asymmetrically and cause it to rotate around the axis of propagation. Molecules that do not have optical activity because they face symmetric electron scattering have no effect on polarized light. Compounds that do not have a compatible mirror image have optical isomers. Two optical isomers form an enantiomer pair. which are the same in terms of physical and chemical properties and differ only in the direction of rotation of polarized light. An equal mixture of two enantiomers, which are the same in terms of absolute value but opposite in terms of direction, completely neutralize each other. The resulting rotation is zero, such a mixture is called racemic.

عنوان آزمایش: پلاریمتری
This method is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of objects that have optical activity. White light vibrates in all directions, and if it passes through Polaroid objects like some natural crystals, it splits into two rays. Because the speed of each of the two rays inside the crystal is different. If you cut the crystal along one of the poles at an appropriate angle. And if we stick it again with a gum called Canada balsam, the component called normal rays will be reflected and emitted. If the part called abnormal radiation (polarized) is emitted without breaking, the vibration of this light is on the same level and perpendicular to the direction of its propagation. There are objects with optical activity that have rare carbon in their molecular structure (i.e. a carbon atom that is four different groups are connected). This carbon atom causes the molecule to become asymmetric and the molecule cannot conform to its mirror image. If these objects are placed in the path of polarized light, they cause the rotation of polarized light. If the object rotates the polarized light clockwise, it is called dextrorotatory, and if it rotates counterclockwise, it is called levorotatory. they say.
The amount of rotation (?) is proportional to the concentration of the object (C). Or it can be said that when polarized light passes through asymmetric compounds, due to the asymmetric distribution of electron density in the molecule, the electrons of the molecule affect the polarized light asymmetrically and cause it to rotate around the axis of propagation. Molecules that do not have optical activity because they face symmetric electron scattering have no effect on polarized light.
Compounds that do not have a compatible mirror image have optical isomers. Two optical isomers form an enantiomer pair. which are the same in terms of physical and chemical properties and differ only in the direction of rotation of polarized light. An equal mixture of two enantiomers that are the same in absolute value but opposite in direction completely neutralize each other. The resulting rotation is zero, such a mixture is called racemic.

عنوان آزمایش : تعیین افت و سر برداری صحیح چغندر قند
In general, every shipment of beet that enters the factory must be sampled and its loss determined. Sampling of each shipment is done by hand or with the help of a hydraulic sampler called Rupro or by using a mechanical shovel that randomly separates the sample on the conveyor belt. Mainly, for small cars, 30 kg of samples and for large trucks, 50 kg of beets are taken to determine the weight loss. Drop refers to the materials that are delivered in each shipment with beets, such as soil, stone, leaves, collars, etc.
In the industrial scale, most of the soil on the beet is taken from the vibrator and returned to the truck, and the truck is weighed again along with the soil, and the initial weight of the truck, soil and beet is deducted, and the weight of the beet is calculated without soil. The actual drop is around 10-15%. But experts and experienced people in the factory consider its value to be 2-3%.
Mark is a part of the beet tissue that remains insoluble after extraction with a certain amount of hot water and for a certain period of time. The basis of the work is to remove the soluble materials and weigh the insoluble materials after drying. Usually, the brand is determined by weight or gravimetric method, and its value is between 4-5% depending on the climatic conditions and the variety.

عنوان آزمایش:تعیین مقدار خاکستر
Ash is the mineral material of an object that remains after burning. The amount and composition of ash of a food item depends on the nature of that food and the method of making ash. Pure sugar, honey and syrups have little ash up to 0.5%, but sweeteners with brown sugar or chocolates have more minerals. The minerals that make up ash in different foods are completely different. Total ash is an accepted indicator for the degree of purification in some food items such as wheat flour and sugar. In other words, the more purification is done in this case, the lower the ash. In the case of sugar or sugarcane, the higher the discoloration and crystallization, the less the ash will be. And the purity of sugar increases. To determine the ash, one method is used, one is burning in the furnace and the other is the method of electrical conductivity. The conductometric method or determining the electrical conductivity of a solution is a serial and simple method to determine the ash of sugars. Sugary materials have low ash. For this reason, if we want to use the burning method, it requires taking a large amount of sample, which is accompanied by foaming of carbohydrates. Conductivity method is based on the fact that the minerals of sugar solutions are charged. Then they are separated, while sucrose is a non-electrolyte and is not separated. Of course, it should be mentioned that in the sugar industry, there is another device for measuring ash, which is the quick ash meter that reads the amount of ash in the sample.

عنوان آزمایش: تعیین درصد قند انورت
In industrial solutions of sugar or sugar products, there are sugars that, unlike sucrose, have regenerative properties, such as glucose and fructose, some of which enter syrups through beets, and some of which are created due to the decomposition of sucrose in an acidic environment. In wounded and wilted beets, the amount Invert sugar increases rapidly, so this component of sugar should be measured in the laboratory. The most common method of measuring invert sugar is to use alkaline solutions of divalent copper sulfate. Because invert sugars have reductive properties and convert divalent copper into monovalent copper, which causes precipitation. In factories, invert sugars must be prevented because the amount of sucrose waste in molasses increases and also the amount of colored substances in thick syrup due to The heat of evaporation and consequently the color of the sugar impurity increases, which in turn affects the quality and cost of sugar purification. Various methods are used to determine reducing sugar, which depends on the type of sample being tested. For example, for Regenerative sugar determination is more than two observations, such as the commercial product obtained from the hydrolysis of sugar or starch, or the extracting solution from dates, from the two-pot copper salt solution that is strongly alkalized, such as Fehling's solution, which is a quantitative test. Also, to determine the reducing sugar very little and up to 10% in the vicinity of a large amount of sucrose such as sugar and sugar syrups, divalent copper salt solution that is alkalized like Moller's solution is used. Moller's solution does not have much effect on sucrose in a weak alkaline environment.

عنوان آزمایش :عیارسنجی چغندر قند
This method is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of objects that have optical activity. White light vibrates in all directions, and if it passes through Polaroid objects like some natural crystals, it splits into two rays. Because the speed of each of the two rays inside the crystal is different. If you cut the crystal along one of the poles at an appropriate angle. And if we stick it again with a gum called Canada balsam, the component called normal rays will be reflected and emitted. If the part called abnormal radiation (polarized) is emitted without breaking, the vibration of this light is on the same level and perpendicular to the direction of its propagation. There are objects with optical activity that have rare carbon in their molecular structure (i.e. a carbon atom that is four different groups are connected). This carbon atom causes the molecule to become asymmetric and the molecule cannot conform to its mirror image. If these objects are placed in the path of polarized light, they cause the rotation of polarized light. If the object rotates the polarized light clockwise, it is called dextrorotatory, and if it rotates counterclockwise, it is called levorotatory. they say.

Along with the sugar lab pamphlet file and all the downloadable file formats, it is editable in Word, so you can easily make your changes. Dear user, it is recommended to download it.

Click on the link below to download the laboratory report of sugar technology

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