Ready research about education in China and France in Word file format

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• عنوان: آموزش و پرورش در چین و فرانسه
• زبان : فارسي
• قابليت ويرايش : دارد
• فرمت فايل : docx word (قابل ويرايش)
• تعداد صفحه : 35
• Printing: No problem in printing

بخشي کوتاه از متن اين مقاله در زیر آورده شده است :

آموزش و پرورش در کشورهای مختلف با توجه به فرهنگ، سیاست‌ها و اقتصاد آن‌ها، تفاوت‌هایی دارند. در این مقاله، به بررسی و مقایسه سیستم آموزش و پرورش در چین و فرانسه، پرداخته می‌شود.

آموزش و پرورش در چین:

سیستم آموزش و پرورش در چین، در حال توسعه و پیشرفت است و در سطح بین‌المللی شناخته شده است. سیستم آموزش و پرورش چین شامل سه مرحله اصلی است، ابتدایی، متوسطه و عالی. بیشتر دانش‌آموزان در مدارس دولتی تحصیل می‌کنند و برای ورود به دانشگاه‌های عالی، باید آزمون سراسری گرفت.

سیستم آموزش و پرورش چین، بر پایه حفظ و ارتقای اعتماد به نفس، توانمندی‌های فردی، انسجام اجتماعی و توسعه اقتصادی استوار است. در این سیستم، برای بهبود کیفیت آموزش، از فناوری‌های پیشرفته مانند هوش مصنوعی، واقعیت مجازی و آموزش الکترونیکی استفاده می‌شود.

آموزش و پرورش در فرانسه:

سیستم آموزش و پرورش در فرانسه، از سیستم‌های معروف و شناخته شده در جهان است. این سیستم شامل دو مرحله اصلی است، ابتدایی و متوسطه. بیشتر دانش‌آموزان در مدارس دولتی تحصیل می‌کنند و برای ورود به دانشگاه‌های عالی، باید آزمون ورودی گرفت.

سیستم آموزش و پرورش فرانسه، بر پایه توسعه انسانی، توسعه فردی و توسعه اجتماعی استوار است. در این سیستم، برای بهبود کیفیت آموزش، از فناوری‌های پیشرفته مانند فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و تکنولوژی آموزشی استفاده می‌شود.

مقایسه سیستم آموزش و پرورش چین و فرانسه:

در سیستم آموزش و پرورش چین، بیشتر توجه به حفظ و ارتقای اعتماد به نفس دانش‌آموزان و توسعه اقتصادی است، در حالی که در سیستم آموزش و پرورش فرانسه، بیشتر توجه به توسعه انسانی و توسعه فردی است. هر دو سیستم از فناوری‌های پیشرفته استفاده می‌کنند، اما در سیستم آموزش و پرورش چین، به دلیل توجه بیشتر به توسعه اقتصادی، از فناوری‌های پیشرفته بیشتری استفاده می‌شود.

آموزش و پرورش
بر اساس ايده کنفسيوس بىن فعاليت سياسى و آموزش و پروش رابطه متقابل وجود داشته و يکى از تزهاى اصلى مىباشد. در سال ۱۹۱۲ دولت سون يات سنRules حاکم بر آموزش و پروش در دوران امپراطورى را منسوخ کرده و سيستم جديدى که از مدل ژاپنى نشأت گرفته بود توسط وزير آموزش و پرورش تحصيلکرده آلمان جايگزين شد.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the party created facilities to change the education system. In 1933, the secretary of the Central Committee of the Youth Branch of the Communist Party announced the educational goals of the party in the southern council areas of China. He called for the separation of religion from education, that is to say, he called for the rejection of Confucius's thesis and instead, the use of education for the betterment of the nation. To combat illiteracy, the Soviets established Lenin schools for children aged 7 to 14, schools for teenagers and women, cadre schools and higher education centers such as the Red Academy and the Soviet University.
Following the formation of these courses in the south, he also used the mentioned model in the northwestern border areas. In the late 1930s, after the great march, these centers became a base for communism education. In addition, adult education schools, vocational schools, primary and secondary schools were established and a special training program was implemented for soldiers and cadres. Until 1966, the main lines of China's education policy were derived from Shurzi. Before the revolution, 80% of the people were illiterate, and this ratio reached 95% in the villages. In 1949, China had 200 higher education centers, 4,000 high schools, and 289,000 elementary schools, with a total of 24 million students. Since the announcement of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the country's education system has gone through several stages, from the forest struggle in 1956-57, when education was encouraged in an atmosphere of free discussion, to the period of chaos and terror of the Cultural Revolution, when all levels of education It has been disturbed and its development has been suspended and it was mostly given to vocational schools, and the entrance exam of higher education centers has been canceled and the criteria for accepting students to have political opinions and full approval of Mao's ideas has been left behind. After the cultural revolution, the period of adjustment and reconstruction began. During this period, efforts were made to achieve academic standards, including the re-establishment of university entrance exams.

در سال ۱۹۸۰ سياست آموزشى جمهور خلق چين در ابتدا براساس فراهم نمودن امکانات جهت مدرنيزاسيون اقتصادى کشور طراحى شد. در اين جهت به آموزش نيروى انسان ماهر و توسعه علوم فنى و علمى اولويت داده شد. بعبارت کوتاه آموزش و پروش بعنوان ستون اصلى چهار مدرنيزاسيون توسط رهبران حزب کمونيست چين خوانده شد.
کيفيت آموزش و پروش در همه اداوار حتى در زمان انقلاب فرهنگى مورد تأکيد بوده است. در فاصله سالهاى ۷۶-۱۹۶۶ همگانى کردن آموزش و پرورش در جهت تثبيت سوسياليسم مورد اولويت بود.
يکى از جنبههاى مثبت سياست در سال ۱۹۸۰ که نشاندهنده تغيير قابل توجه نسبت به سال ۱۹۷۶ بوده است، اهميت دادن به آموزشى آکادميک مىباشد.
Another aspect of it was the continuation of educational development and improvement and its long-term goal was to universalize primary education and the first period of secondary education. The importance of technological sciences in education has been one of the main points of politics in the early eighties. The implementation of scientific and technological programs is very important not only in the national development and modernization of the country, but also in increasing the international prestige of the Chinese scientific community. In this regard, China has paid attention to scientific achievements and advances in the West and has adopted the policy of using them since 1976. In 1980, the leadership of the party believed that emphasizing only on oneself will cause the country to be held back and not progress.
In May 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to improve the entire educational structure of the country. Based on that, 9 years of compulsory education was announced in several stages, and the time to complete it will be different in advanced and rural areas. This law became effective in 1990 for the economically advanced regions that contain about 25% of the country's population. In the semi-developed regions, which has 50% of the population, the final implementation time is 1995, and for the rest of the regions, no specific time has been considered yet. According to the general policy of the country, the Ministry of Education is the main tool of the central government to implement the goals of the national policy in the field of education. The duties of this ministry include: control of primary, secondary, higher education and teacher training. Currently, this ministry is responsible for university entrance exams and curriculum. In 1977, the task of supervising the preparation of standard textbooks in the whole country became one of the duties of this ministry.
In medium and small cities, in the field of education issues, the city education departments have been given powers, although the majority of primary and secondary schools in China are under the supervision of the said departments; However, some schools at different levels are managed by factories, universities and other units, but all these schools are under the responsibility of the relevant unit in terms of their budget programs. Many of these secondary schools, especially those run by universities, have been selected as model schools and are scientifically at a higher level.
Sample primary and secondary schools operate under the direct supervision of the education department of the central government, the governorate or the governorate. The purpose of special support and attention given to these schools is to train educated volunteers for universities in fields such as engineering sciences and foreign languages. In 1986, China had 5,200 secondary schools and 700 model primary schools, with more than ten million students studying in them.
آموزش پيش دبستانى
Kindergartens play an important role in familiarizing children with their way of life in the following years. Education in these centers is in the form of games, sports and music, and this course is also important in that it gives women the opportunity to work in different sectors. In 1991, 22.1 million children were cared for in more than 465,164 kindergartens. In the first case, they are managed under the supervision of educational centers, government bodies or institutes and companies, and in the second case, they are under the supervision of local committees in cities or production teams and brigades. In the villages, there are a large number of seasonal kindergartens that are established during busy seasons.
در حال حاضر در چين ۶۷ مرکز پروش مربى براى کودکستان وجود دارد.
آموزش ابتدايى
In 1986, about 95% of the children with compulsory education were studying, while before 1949, this ratio was only 20%. There is a school in most of the villages, and sample primary schools in urban areas have selected the best students and most of them have an entrance exam. Part of the cost of school education is provided by the students. An amount is also charged for books, transportation, food and fuel. Of course, the money received is very little and it is only to encourage parents to give importance to their children's education and go to school regularly. Because it is very little in rural areas and it is only to encourage parents to pay attention to their children's education and go to school regularly. Because in rural areas, parents prefer their children to participate in farm work instead of going to school during the working season.

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